Until the late 1990s, exercise and post-exercise nutrition for athletes was all about carbohydrate. Then a group of leading exercise physiologists came together to formulate the next generation of sports nutrition products based on the very latest science. They discovered that a 4:1 ratio of carbohydrate and protein significantly enhanced hydration, increased endurance, reduced exercise-related muscle damage, and accelerated post-exercise muscle recovery compared to carbohydrate alone. Only Accelerade sports drink, Accel Gel sports energy gel, and Endurox R4 performance recovery drink contain the 4:1 ratio. Use this link (http://www.accelsport.com/product-info/EnduroxR4-vanilla-info.html ) to learn more about the clinical studies proving the superiority of these products compared to conventional sports nutrition products.